Shingle Sealants Bond Your Roof Together
With ever increasing performance expectations for asphalt shingles designed to
withstand high winds and heavy rains, manufacturers have responded by producing
increasingly higher-performing shingles. When properly installed, asphalt shingles are
manufactured to bond securely to each other, forming an integrated roof-covering
system designed to protect your home from the elements.
What is the secret ingredient? Asphalt-based bonding
sealants create the tie that binds!
How Are Shingles Attached to the Roof Deck?
Asphalt shingles are manufactured as individual units and are installed in courses
along the roof. When properly installed, the shingles adhere to each other to form a
cohesive roof-covering. Initially, make sure that the wood deck is in good condition,
then, assure that the right underlayment material is properly attached to the roof
deck. The underlayment provides extra protection for roof decking materials, and
keeps the shingle materials from adhering directly to the deck over time.
Nails and the Roof Deck
The best way to ensure that asphalt shingles are properly attached is to follow the
manufacturer’s installation instructions. As each asphalt shingle course is laid out, roofing
nails secure the shingles to the roof deck. Here are a few nailing practices recommended by
many shingle manufacturers.
It is important to make sure shingles are attached to the deck by using the proper type, size
and quantity of nails. Make sure the nails are in the right place by driving them in the
indicated “nailing zone.” Always ensure that nails in laminated shingles are driven through
the double thickness overlap area as indicated in this diagram.
How Does the Sealant Work?
Once each course of asphalt shingles is attached to the roof deck, every subsequent
shingle course will bond with the previously installed course, with the asphalt-based
sealant fusing the shingles together. The bonding sealant is factory-applied on the
shingle (front or backside), so following the manufacturer’s instructions regarding
spacing and alignment are critical for a proper sealant bond. Heat and UV rays from the
sun activates and softens the sealant to create the necessary bond needed to provide
good wind resistance for the finished asphalt roof covering system. Once sealed, the
bond is designed to hold the asphalt shingles together as a complete system.
What Are Sealants?
An asphalt based, heat activated, viscous
bonding material formulated to retain
bonding strength in all weather conditions,
once initial bonding has occurred. Sealants
are used on asphalt shingles to bond the
individual unit shingles together.
The Importance of Proper Installation
Recent research conducted by the University of
Florida’s College of Engineering1 has concluded
that proper installation is an important and very
critical factor to ensure that the shingle sealant
bonds the shingles together as designed.
Industry performance standards for asphalt
shingles include testing of the sealant bond
under laboratory conditions. These tests are
intended to simulate the resistance of the shingle
to uplift forces created during wind events.
Selecting a shingle that meets or exceeds local
wind-speed requirements in the building code
will help your roof covering withstand
windstorms and protect your home. Asphalt
shingle design has to ensure compliance to everchanging building code requirements. Shingles
have always worked as an effective windresistant roof covering, and now, thanks to the
use of bonding sealants, they work even better to
keep out the elements.
1Masters, Forrest J. Ph.D., P.E. (FL) (2013). Phase II Report: Investigation of the Wind Resistance of
Asphalt Shingle Roof Coverings (SERRI Report 90100- 02). Florida: University of Florida.
How Can I Make Sure the Sealant Does its Job?
Be aware of these key elements…
• Local code requirements matter. Manufacturers test asphalt shingles to the
requirements of local building codes. Check with the manufacturer to verify the
shingle you select is appropriate for use in your area.
• Schedule your roofing project to consider weather conditions. Asphalt shingles
can be vulnerable to wind forces until the sealant bonds, so it may be best to
install your roof when the temperatures are well above freezing. Heat and UV rays
from the sun activate the sealant to bond the shingles together. Check to make
sure that severe weather, including heavy rain, dust storms, snow and high winds,
are not in the forecast.
• The manufacturer’s installation instructions are your guide to a properly-attached
asphalt shingle roofing system.
How Can I Make Sure the Sealant Does its Job?
• Proper sealing starts with proper nailing. Always follow the manufacturer’s
instructions and use the right fasteners for the job, and make sure the shingles are
properly placed. Be sure that the nails are placed within the prescribed nailing
zone and are driven flush with the top surface of the shingles as required by the
manufacturer.
• For more information about Florida Building Code Requirements for asphalt
shingles, click here to read the ARMA Technical Bulletin.
What about that mysterious little cellophane strip?
Asphalt shingles are packaged for shipping in bundles, so most
manufacturers apply a strip of material between the shingles to
keep them from adhering into one big shingle brick! Once the
shingles are separated, the strip is in an area that will have no
effect on the performance of the shingle.
It is not necessary or desirable to peel off those strips.

Why is ventilation important?
Proper ventilation reduces moisture build-up in your home
• The average family of four generates approximately 2 to 4 gallons of water vapor
each day through activities such as breathing, perspiration, showering, cooking and
dishwashing.
• When moisture vapor remains in a colder/dryer attic, it can potentially condense
damaging your roof deck and insulation.
• In cold weather climates, ice dams can form along your eave edge increasing
the chance of a roof leak and damage to your gutters.
• Excess moisture may also lead to moisture build-up in your insulation, which
can lessen the insulating value over time, and even lead to mold build-up in
your attic
Proper ventilated spaces reduce the Stack Effect by pushing warm, moist air out of the
attic space. In addition to moisture build-up, proper ventilation also reduces heat
build-up in your attic.
• Improper ventilation can lead to premature deterioration of your shingles and roof
deck.
• Proper ventilation means your attic stays cooler, reducing load on your air
conditioning units. The less your AC unit works, the longer it will last, likely
resulting in lower cooling bills.
How much ventilation do I need?
• A balanced ventilation system is best. A balanced system is where intake
ventilation at the eave areas is equaled at or near the ridge area.
• Minimum ventilation requirements are 1 sq. ft. unobstructed or net free area of
ventilation for every 300 sq. ft. of attic space.
• The preferred ration is 1 sq. ft. of net free area of ventilation to every 150 feet of
attic space. In order to qualify for a FHA loan, ventilation must meet the 1/150
rule. Many calculators to help you plan the right amount of ventilation for your
home and the ventilation system you select are available.
• There are different styles of ventilation systems available; many are 100% green,
utilizing no electrical power.
Can I over ventilate?
If the system is not balanced at the top or ridge area, or if there were gable end vents
with ridge vents, without adequate soffit ventilation you may actually pull moisture
into the home during a heavy rain or snow storm.
The exception to the balance rule is at the soffit in passive systems. Since the air that
enters at the soffit acts to push out moisture and warm air, having extra soffit
ventilation will not create an off-balance system.

There is a reason why four out of five homes are covered with asphalt shingles in the United States.
Asphalt shingles offer myriad benefits for residential and commercial applications. Their Beauty,
Affordability and Reliability make asphalt a cut above the rest, raising the B.A.R. for premiere roofing
systems and protecting one’s most valuable asset.
Asphalt Shingles are…
BEAUTIFUL
The emergence of today’s stunning asphalt architectural shingles is nothing short of an artistic
renaissance in roofing. Gorgeous styles, colors, and textures abound
http://www.asphaltroofing.org/styles.html
Even traditional 3-tab shingles have undergone a dramatic facelift in recent years. With bold new
colors and enhanced shadow lines, one can achieve a beautiful roof on any budget.
• A wide range of colors from white to black with everything in between
• Traditional (or 3-Tab) Shingles
• Architectural Shingles
AFFORDABLE
Low Maintenance + Long Life Cycle = Long-Term Cost Savings
• Asphalt shingles require little or no maintenance and cost significantly less than alternatives such as
tile, wood, cedar, slate and metal.
• The efficient, high-volume production and relatively low application cost of asphalt shingles provide
consumers with an overall value that’s difficult for other roofing materials to match, especially in
terms of comparable life expectancy.
• Asphalt roofs are designed to require low maintenance (and easy repairs) for decades. Properly
installed, an asphalt roof will be extremely resistant to wind tear-off, uplift, moisture damage, and
practically any other natural hazard. (Some manufacturers also offer algae-resistant roofing
products.)
• High durability combined with high performance equals… low maintenance. And low maintenance
means peace of mind and huge cost savings over the life of the roof. In both low-slope roofing and
steep-slope roofing, asphalt roofing is your number one low-maintenance option.
• What’s more, many asphalt roof systems, including shingles, built-up roofs and modified bitumen,
meet ENERGY STAR roof specifications www.energystar.gov, which can lead to big cost savings over
time.
RELIABLE
Asphalt roofing products are designed to endure harsh weather conditions, in harsh climates, all
year round.
• Low Maintenance. Asphalt shingles, when properly chosen and applied, require little or no
regular upkeep, and are easily repaired if damaged.
• Ease of Application. Asphalt shingles are considered to be the easiest of all standard roofing
materials to apply. In addition, the flexibility and strength of asphalt shingles supports their
application on a wide variety of roof designs.
• Fire and Wind Resistance. Asphalt shingles are manufactured to resist external fire and
flammability standards, and carry Class A, B or C fire ratings, with Class A providing the
greatest fire resistance. These fire ratings are defined by nationally recognized standards and
tested by independent testing agencies. In addition, many asphalt shingles carrying a “wind
resistance” label indicate that they have been manufactured and tested to demonstrate
acceptable resistance in high-wind locations.

It can be argued that the most visible, distinguishing and important part of a home is the roof. The roof generally represents about
40% of the visual exterior of a typical home and therefore plays an important role in its overall aesthetics. Most buyers in the
market for a home will eliminate from consideration any home that does not have curb appeal for them. That’s why four out of
five residential roofs in the United States today boast beautiful, affordable and reliable asphalt shingles.
What are the material options for residential roofs?
Today’s homeowner has a number of options when it comes to the style, material and color of their roof. Asphalt shingles are by
far the most common option, with metal, clay tile, concrete tile, slate and cedar shake as alternatives.
The majority of residential roofs in the U.S. don asphalt shingles because they are beautiful, affordable, reliable and low
maintenance.
Another material featured on a fraction of homes in the U.S. is metal roofing. While metal roofs are environmentally friendly and
not as costly as stone-like materials such as clay tiles and slate, they are still more expensive than asphalt shingles and require a
much more intricate installation.
What are some of the considerations when thinking about a metal roof?
In addition to high cost and difficult installation, homeowners also need to think through the following when considering a metal
roof:
• Care must be taken on large roofs to provide for thermal expansion and movement
• Movement caused by differences in temperature may cause objectionable noises in some roofs; for example, curved roof
surfaces
• Condensation accumulation issues can arise, such as rust, discoloration and mold
• Care must be taken to avoid the use of incompatible materials, as dissimilar metals can cause unexpected and rapid
corrosion
• Metal refining, production and transport of metal roof components can be energy-intensive and is typically a non-local
activity
• Support structure for metal required over older roofing systems (retrofit)
• There are a limited number of Contractor Training Programs
• Absence of skilled contractors
• Lack of organized codes and standards
• Repair, matching and cut-lists
• Lead time
• Walkability
• Accessories like snow jacks
• Maintenance issues with metal
– SH1 Rating
– Re-coating
– Wind-uplift warranties
• Repair and matching
• Exposed fasteners—back out
What are the benefits of asphalt shingles?
For the past 150 years, asphalt shingles have proved the most popular roofing material in North America. The benefits are
abundant and include:
• Versatility/Aesthetic options
– Color range
– Style range
– Natural look
– EnergyStar compliant options
– Reliability/performance
• Affordability
– Life cycle cost
– Low installation cost
• Sustainability
– Energy efficient
– Cool roofing/reflectivity
– Recyclability
• Quality
– Durability
– Ease of installation
– Fire and wind resistance

If I select asphalt shingles, what is my return on investment?
The majority of home owners will base their roofing decision on cost, ease of maintenance and longevity. Asphalt shingles fulfill all three
categories while also offering a range of color, style and eco-friendly options. Careful selection of a roofing material will reduce longterm costs for you and the environment.
• Life Cycle Cost Number
• Warranties (third party source)
• Time and Cost for Installer

In the United States, four out of five homes are covered with asphalt shingles. These shingles are
beautiful, affordable and reliable, and are constantly raising the bar in protecting your most
valuable asset.
What is Cool Roofing?
“Coolness” is measured by two properties, solar reflectance (SR, or reflectivity) and thermal
emittance (emissivity), or a combination of the two, called the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI). Cool
roofs can also be referred to as “highly reflective roofs” and “high albedo roofs.” A cool roof
reflects and emits the sun’s heat back to the sky rather than transferring it to the building below.
What are the benefits of Cool Roofing?
There is a great deal of information regarding cool roofing as an environmentally friendly choice.
Cool roofs are an energy efficient choice that can simultaneously reduce the impact of the “Heat
Island Effect,” which refers to a metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its rural
surroundings.
Benefits include:
• Increased energy efficiency
• Improved comfort
• Reduced energy bill
• Reduced capital cost
• Longer roof life
• Reduced “Heat Island Effect”
The Energy Efficiency Discussion: Warmer climates, such as Southern California, New Mexico,
Texas, Arizona, and the South East Gulf States, where the heating days exceed the cooling days,
a cool roof will reduce the transfer of heat from the sun’s rays into your home or building by
reflecting the heat rays back into the atmosphere, thus causing your air conditioning system to
run less frequently.
The Heat Island Discussion: Cooler climates, such as Chicago, New York, Baltimore, and San
Francisco, the benefits of reflective roofing as a sound energy-efficient choice are specific to
the particular region and its climate.
• Many states are instituting building code changes to require roof systems to be energy
efficient.
• There are many rebate programs available in the market place. To learn about potential
energy efficiency rebates in your state please visit: http://www.dsireusa.org
What does ARMA believe about Cool Roofs?
ARMA views roof surface reflectance as only one component of the approach as an appropriate
regulatory policy and design principle for energy conservation, mitigation of urban heat islands,
and improved air quality. The “Whole Building Envelope” approach is the best option for
designing and optimizing performance-based, proven and cost effective commercial and
residential buildings. It allows flexibility and consumer choice in the selection of roof systems.
What options are available to make my steep-sloped asphaltic roof more
energy-efficient?
• Asphalt Shingle with Cool Granule Technology
With the new roofing granule technology, these shingles reflect solar energy and radiate heat far
better than traditional roofing shingles. Visit CRRC and Energy Star for more information.
• Proper Attic Ventilation
Attic ventilation is green. A balanced ventilation system requires no energy to run and can help
reduce bills and damage to your home. Be sure to ask your contractor about proper ventilation
before sealing your attic structure.
• Added Insulation
By adding roof insulation to your home, you will be able to save money because your furnace
will no longer have to run as often, keeping your energy bills low. Although you may already
have installed attic insulation, it doesn’t hurt to occasionally inspect this area. Or, try a
combination of them. However, ARMA highly discourages the uses of a field-applied coating over
an asphalt shingle roof.
What options are available to make my low-slope residential asphalt roof more
energy efficient?
Choose the asphalt roofing system you like and consider the following:
• Factory surfacing with reflective performance (e.g., adding granulated cap sheets)
• The insulation factor:
o Increased insulation
o Ballasted system affording extra protection
• Reflective coatings over some non-reflective low-slope membranes, such as a built-up roof or fieldapplied bitumen rolled product
• Vegetative or garden roofs may also help meet energy-efficient building codes; however, it is rare to
find these in residential re-roofing due to the cost and potential maintenance aspects of the system
o These systems often have special considerations so be sure to contact the manufacturer

Why is the color of a roof so important?
Asphalt roofing systems provide homeowners with years of beautiful, affordable and reliable protection.
Choosing the right roof color is critical because it is a decision that most homeowners will only make once,
and one that will have a lasting impact on the value of a home.
So how do manufacturers create different color blends for asphalt shingles? The secret lies in the Science of
Color.
How are asphalt shingle colors created?
Asphalt roofing manufacturers use consultants who are experts on current design trends to help
formulate color blends. Unlike other roofing materials, asphalt shingles are composed of multicolored granules which create a wide palate of choices, including different colors, styles and
designs. The granules are produced from durable igneous rock which has been coated with a clay
silicate mixture for color. Before application, they are coated with a highly-durable ceramic and
surface treated for improved long term adhesion.
Finished granules on asphalt shingles
create a unique, visual appeal to
coordinate with virtually any home
design. Along with color options,
granules also provide shingles with:
• UV protection
• Durability
• Longevity
Are there any trends in asphalt roofing color?
Consumers have literally hundreds of different color combinations to choose from. Asphalt
shingle roofing can be used to match a wide variety of exterior styles and neighborhood looks.
Some design trends include:
• Deep, strong colors are being used on home
exteriors. When the body color of the house is
strong, a neutral roof color will allow the body
color to showcase a home.
• Architects and designers are increasingly
making use of dark body colors. Instead of a beige
color, consider darker roof colors that harmonize
with deep blues, greens and browns for a quiet
drama that adds stability.
• Roof colors should be simple and neutral when
two or more body colors are combined, with
varied trim colors.
Remember, combining trendy colors with conventional choices
on a home’s exterior ensures that the design will have balance
and remain appealing for the life of the roof.
What is the best way to choose a
color?
Choose an asphalt shingle which provides a
color and design that matches a home’s
neighborhood. Take the time to do research
and find the shingle color that works best.
Homeowners have a variety of resources to
assist them:
• Request to see multiple shingle color
options from a roofing contractor;
• Consult with a roofing manufacturer to
review different sample boards;
• Utilize online design tools to visualize how
an asphalt roof would look once installed.

A “Green” Benefit of Asphalt Shingles
• When shingles are torn off of an
existing roof system, they can be
taken to a recycling center.
• This prevents the waste from
being sent to a landfill.
• Homeowners and building owners should
talk to their roofing contractor about
shingle recycling practices to ensure that
old shingles are recycled.
What is Asphalt Shingle Recycling?
What Are Recycled Shingles Used For?
• Recycled shingles are most often
used for paving projects, including:
o public roads
o driveways
o parking lots
• According to the National Asphalt
Pavement Association (NAPA), 1.96
million tons of reclaimed asphalt
shingles (RAS) were used in new
asphalt pavement mixes in the U.S. in
2014.
• A 2014 NAPA Asphalt Pavement Industry Survey indicated that the use of both
manufacturing waste and recycled shingles in asphalt mixtures increased to an alltime high in 2014, almost a 25 percent increase from 2013.
• This represents 400,000 tons or 2.2 million barrels of virgin asphalt preserved by
recycling manufacturing waste and asphalt shingles.
Shingle Recycling is on the Rise
How Does ARMA Support Shingle Recycling?
• Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association
(ARMA) members participate in and support the
advancement of shingle recycling within the
industry by researching and reporting on other
applications of recycled shingle content.
• As the voice of asphalt roofing manufacturers,
ARMA also works closely with NAPA and the
Asphalt Institute (AI) to expand the use of RAS in
paving.
How Can I Learn More?
• Shingle recycling is available in the United States and in some locations in
Canada, and new sites continue to open.
• To see if your area offers shingle recycling, you can check online at
www.earth911.com and www.shinglerecycling.org.
• Visit asphaltroofing.org for more information on shingle recycling and on the
other sustainable benefits of asphalt shingles like cool roofing

Low-Slope Inspection & Maintenance

By properly maintaining a low-slope asphalt roofing system,
building owners can greatly impact its service life, reliability and
performance. The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association
(ARMA) has identified six steps all owners should follow to properly
care for a roof.

Step 1) Maintain historical records.

A building owner should keep a historical
record of the roof system. This should
include information about the following:
• original installation
• roof plan
• membrane type
• system components
• contractor’s contact details
• membrane manufacturer
• warranty
All roof inspections, maintenance and
repairs should be documented as well.

Step 2) Control roof access.
Building owners should allow roof access only to trained
professionals and only when maintenance is required. Roofs are not
generally designed for extensive foot traffic.

Step 3) Conduct regular inspections.
Each spring and fall, a roof should be inspected by a professional roofing
contractor. The contractor should inspect each visible component of the roof
and identify areas that may require additional attention. Inspections can help
to identify potential roof damage or leaks before they occur.

Step 4) Ensure routine maintenance.
Routine maintenance can be conducted by the building’s trained
maintenance personnel. This includes removing debris, such as
construction waste or tree limbs from a roof. Leaves and dirt
should be removed from drains and gutters to ensure proper
drainage. Tree limbs that overhang a roof should be trimmed.

Step 5) Report leaks or roof damage immediately.
If evidence of roof damage or a leak is found during routine
maintenance or an inspection, building owners should contact a
roofing contractor immediately to address the issue before it
gets worse.

Step 6) Use a professional roofing contractor for major
maintenance and repairs.
All major maintenance procedures and roof repairs should be
handled by a professional roofing contractor after consulting the
membrane manufacturer. Do not attempt these actions yourself.
By following these steps, owners
can maximize the value and service
life of their roofing investments.

The formation of a “tobacco juice” residue, so named for its color, has been widely attributed
to the weathering of asphalt roofing (i.e., roof coatings, base and cap sheets and shingles – to
name a few) or the exudation of asphalt fractions from the roofing material.
In fact, similar brown residues have been found on other, non-asphaltic materials, indicating
that the phenomenon can be environmental in nature and not wholly attributable to asphalt
roofing. An investigation of this phenomenon concluded that environmental contamination or
pollutant deposition was the major contributor to tobacco juicing.
Factors commonly present with “tobacco juicing” are excessive air pollution accompanied by
nighttime dew conditions and prolonged lack of rain. Air pollutants can collect on roof surfaces
with the formation of dew and subsequently run down onto lower roof surfaces, fascia, and
other finish surfaces. For steep slope applications, such as asphalt shingled roofs, tobacco
juicing may drip off the shingles and stain the adjacent components (see photos 1-3 below for
examples). This accumulation of residue can continue until the surfaces are washed or
significant rainfall occurs. The residue typically will not affect the performance of the roof and
should not be considered a performance problem.
For low slope applications, if any accumulation of this liquid residue occurs prior to coating, the
proper bonding of coatings to the roof surface may be adversely affected. Preparation of the
roof for coating should conform to the recommendations of the Roof Coatings Manufacturers
Association (RCMA) and the Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA) to help ensure
proper adhesion. Coated smooth-surfaced roofing systems which are continuously subjected to
tobacco juicing should be hosed off regularly, as tobacco juicing residue may cause the peeling
of acrylic and aluminum coatings.
Though it may not be possible to control environmental elements that cause the formation of
the residue, the following recommendations can be utilized by the specifier, contractor or
owner to minimize the aesthetic conditions associated with tobacco juicing.
• Require edge metal with a drip lip on parapet walls where the metal slopes outward, is
rounded, and has no existing lip on the outside edge to assure the residue-laden runoff
will fall away from the building.

• Hose down the roof at regular intervals during long, dry periods of the first summer
after installation. Note: this is not recommended where proper fall protection is not in
place, or where steps have not been taken to protect exterior surfaces that may come
into contact with the wash-off, e.g., siding on a house without gutters.
• For low slope applications, the use of an aluminum coating or acrylic coating can
minimize the aesthetic conditions. Coat all asphalt emulsions after they are thoroughly
dried. Coat plastic cements and other solvent-based vehicle asphaltic products after
they have cured for at least 30 days.
• Consult the specific material manufacturer for additional recommendations.
The effects associated with tobacco juicing can be minimized if the necessary steps are taken by
the specifier, contractor and owner.

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While volatile organic compound (VOC) regulations have tightened over the years, there
continue to be compliant adhesive, cement, primer, and coating options available for the
installation and maintenance of asphalt roofing systems. Asphalt roofing systems—installed and
maintained with VOC-compliant adhesives, cements, primers, and coatings—continue to
provide long-term performance on the roof while achieving compliance with a wide variety of
VOC regulations that exist throughout North America.
Background on VOC Regulations
When exposed to sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and VOCs combine to produce ozone. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has prescribed National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for ozone to protect the public health, with an adequate margin of safety,
including the health of at-risk populations, and protect the public welfare from adverse effects.
A region in which ground-level ozone is found to exceed the NAAQS is said to be in
“nonattainment.” Once a state or region is found to be in nonattainment, that area is required
to submit a State Implementation Plan (SIP) setting the regulatory actions that will be taken to
come into attainment.
Those regions and states in nonattainment often employ VOC regulations as part of their air
quality management program to achieve lower ground-level ozone concentrations. In several
areas of the country where there is widespread nonattainment, such as California and the
northeastern United States, regulatory bodies suggest model rules for governing VOCs. These
model rules can be adopted locally by states and regional districts as part of their ozonereduction programs. Additionally, the EPA has the authority to set VOC regulations for certain
product types that become applicable across the country.
Primary Rules Affecting Roofing System Components
The main regulations affecting the installation and maintenance of asphalt roofing system
components are the Architectural and Industrial Maintenance (AIM) Coatings Rules and the
Adhesive & Sealants Rules. Although regulations affecting these products may be introduced
anywhere in the US, there are geographic areas that have historically had high levels of VOC
regulatory activity. Regulatory bodies for these areas include:

• California Air Resources Board (CARB): CARB is the regulatory body that oversees
California’s statewide air quality initiatives and guides the regulatory activities of its 35
local air districts. In the case of AIM Coatings, CARB publishes “suggested control
measures” (SCMs) that the air districts may choose to adopt as part of their air quality
compliance efforts.
• Ozone Transport Commission (OTC): Comprised of the northeast states that are
included in the EPA-designated Ozone Transport Region (OTR), the OTC publishes Model
Rules that participating states typically use as a template for their state or regional air
quality regulations.
• Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO): LADCO encompasses the Great
Lakes-area states. LADCO typically does not draft its own model rules, but recommends
to its participating states that they use the OTC Model Rules.
• South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD): One of the air districts in
California, the Los Angeles-area SCAQMD is typically at the forefront of creating and
implementing new VOC regulations. The VOC content limits and breadth of VOC
regulations in the SCAQMD far exceed those of anywhere else in the country;
additionally, SCAQMD regulations typically serve as a precursor to future CARB SCMs
and OTC Model Rules.
Complying with VOC Regulations
When a state or air district adopts a VOC rule, they have the choice to adopt a model rule as
written, to make certain modifications to a model rule, or to create an entirely new rule.
Therefore, it is essential that you work with the manufacturer of your asphalt roofing system
components to ensure that the system being specified will comply with all federal, state, and
local VOC regulations.
Adhesive, cement, primer, and coating manufacturers continue to make developments to their
products to ensure the effectiveness and longevity of each roofing system installed using these
components while also minimizing their potential impact on the environment. With everchanging air quality regulations, adhesive, cement, primer, and coating manufacturers have
many years of experience ensuring that products can comply with new regulations without
sacrificing those products’ proven long-term performance in a broad range of climatic regions.
Contact an ARMA Member today to hear more on the latest VOC-compliant adhesive, cement,
primer, and coating innovations available for your location. Refer to local jurisdictional codes,
regulations, and specific project site requirements that may apply to roofing and related
products.